The HIstory of HALLOWEEN

Halloween is the season for little ghosts and goblins to take to the streets, asking for candy and scaring one another silly. Spooky stories are told around fires, scary movies appear in theaters and pumpkins are expertly (and not-so-expertly) carved into jack-o'-lanterns.

Amid all the commercialism, haunted houses and bogus warnings about razors in apples, the origins of Halloween are often overlooked. Yet Halloween is much more than just costumes and candy; in fact, the holiday has a rich and interesting history.

Halloween has its origins in the ancient Celtic festival known as Samhain (pronounced “sah-win”).
The festival of Samhain is a celebration of the end of the harvest season in Gaelic culture. Samhain was a time used by the ancient pagans to take stock of supplies and prepare for winter. The ancient Gaels believed that on October 31, the boundaries between the worlds of the living and the dead overlapped and the deceased would come back to life and cause havoc such as sickness or damaged crops.

The festival would frequently involve bonfires. It is believed that the fires attracted insects to the area which attracted bats to the area. These are additional attributes of the history of Halloween.
Masks and costumes were worn in an attempt to mimic the evil spirits or appease them.

These days, the "trick" part of the phrase "trick or treat" is mostly an empty threat, but pranks have long been a part of the holiday.
By the late 1800s, the tradition of playing tricks on Halloween was well established. In the United States and Canada, the pranks included tipping over outhouses, opening farmers' gates and egging houses. But by the 1920s and '30s, the celebrations more closely resembled an unruly block party, and the acts of vandalism got more serious.

Some people believe that because pranking was starting to get dangerous and out of hand, parents and town leaders began to encourage dressing up and trick-or-treating as a safe alternative to doing pranks.

Some evangelical Christians have expressed concern that Halloween is somehow satanic because of its roots in pagan ritual. However, ancient Celts did not worship anything resembling the Christian devil and had no concept of it. In fact, the Samhain festival had long since vanished by the time the Catholic Church began persecuting witches in its search for satanic cabals. And, of course, black cats do not need to have any association with witchcraft to be considered evil — simply crossing their path is considered bad luck any time of year.

Through the ages, various supernatural entities — including fairies and witches — came to be associated with Halloween, and more than a century ago in Ireland, the event was said to be a time when spirits of the dead could return to their old haunting grounds. Dressing up as ghosts or witches became fashionable, though as the holiday became more widespread and more commercialized (and with the arrival of mass-manufactured costumes), the selection of disguises for kids and adults greatly expanded beyond monsters to include everything from superheroes to princesses to politicians. 

 Source:www.livescience.com

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European Women’s Fashion

It is difficult to find any European who isn’t well dressed. Where ever they go, they go with style. There are some thing about their style..

No unfit dress: People assume Europeans look great because they have closets full of designer clothes, but this isn’t completely true. They may have a few higher-end items, but they shop at H&M, Zara, Mango, Gap, Topshop and other multinational shops just like the rest of us. The secret is that they purchase clothes that fit well — and if the fit isn’t quite right, then they’ll get their clothes tailored. So this little tailoring make them different from others.

Keep it simple: European women keep their wardrobes simple and classic. They choose timeless pieces that don’t scream for attention. Then they’ll add a bright accessory (scarf, shoes, jewelry, etc) to bring the outfit together. I also saw a lot of contrasting pieces used together — like pairing a slightly oversized, chunky sweater with a tight skirt or skinny jeans

Skinny Jeans: Jeans are a staple of any European wardrobe. Most women I saw wore skinny or slim jeans. In general they mostly wore dark jeans without a wash or with minimal wash (i.e., only a small amount of pre-distressing). Grey jeans are also a popular choice. But Europeans don’t just wear black and grey, so don’t be afraid to wear a pair of bright red jeans/trousers.
Effortless Hair: The most amazing of European women is their hair style. European women have an amazing ability to have great looking hair that looks effortlessly natural. Long hair is definitely in-style, so start growing! 

Show off some legs: European women love to show off their legs. Tights, stockings, and pantyhose are year-round wardrobe staples. Even in the winter you’ll see plenty of women wearing above-the-knee skirts and stockings. 

Easy on the make up: European women prefer a natural look when it comes to applying cosmetics. They’ll just use the basics and they don’t overdo it. But the one thing they seem to love is lipstick — especially the Parisians. Bright red lipstick is a favorite and iis seen  women wearing it all around the city.

Source:thesavvybackpacker.com

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WWE Hell In a Cell 2015 result

Dolph Ziggler, Cesaro & Neville def. Rusev, Sheamus & King Barrett (Kickoff Match)

Roman Reigns def. Bray Wyatt (Hell in a Cell Match)

WWE Tag Team Champions The New Day def. The Dudley Boyz

Divas Champion Charlotte def. Nikki Bella

WWE World Heavyweight Champion Seth Rollins def. Kane

Intercontinental Champion Kevin Owens def. Ryback

Brock Lesnar def. The Undertaker (Hell in a Cell Match)

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Line following robot

Line follower is an autonomous robot which follows either black line in white area or white line in black area. Robot must be able to detect particular line and keep following it.For special situations such as cross overs where robot can have more than one path which can be followed, predefined path must be followed by the robot.Line following is a task in which robot has to follow the line. It must be capable of taking various degrees of turns to follow the curved lines also.

To make a basic LFR first we have to design the mechanical part or the body of the robot, then defining the kinematics of the robots and last but not the least designing the control of the robot.



 The mechanical part or body of the robot can be designed using AutoCAD or Workspace. A basic LFR can consist of a base at the two ends of which the wheels are attached. A square or rectangular sheet of hard plastic can be used as the base.The LFR can be a wheeled mobile robot with a fixed base, a legged mobile robot with multiple inflexible bodies interconnected by joints.

Kinematic analysis of the robot includes the description of its motion with respect to a fixed coordinate system. It is concerned mainly with the movement of the robot and with motion of each body in case of a legged robot. The whole path of the robot is set using the Kinematic analysis. We can do this using Workspace software.

the most important aspect of its working is the control of the robot. The term control refers to the robot motion control, i.e. controlling the movement of the wheels. A basic LFR follows certain path and the motion of the robot along this path is controlled by controlling the rotation of wheels, which are placed on the shafts of the two motors. So, the basic control is achieved by controlling the motors. The control circuit includes the use of sensors to sense the path and the microcontroller or any other device to control the motor operation through the motor drivers, depended on the sensor output. there are two ways of controlling a LFR, i.e without using Microcontrollers and using Microcontrollers.

Without using Microcontroller: It consists of an IR-LED and Photodiode arrangement for each motor which is controlled by the switching on and off of the transistor. IR or VISIBLE light is emitted from the emitter. This IR light is reflected in case of a white surface and the reflected IR light is incident on the photodiode. The resistance of the photodiode decreases, which leads to an increase in current through it and that is why the voltage drop across it. The photodiode is connected to the base of the transistor and as a result of increased voltage across the photodiode, the transistor starts conducting and thus the motor connected to the collector of the transistor gets enough supply to start rotating. In case of a black color on the path encountered by one of the sensor arrangement, the IR light is not reflected and the photodiode offers more resistance, causing the transistor to stop conduction and eventually the motor stops rotating. The whole system can be controlled using a simple LED-Photodiode-Transistor arrangement. With using Microcontrollers : The line following robot is one of the self-operating robots. which detects and follows a line drawn on the area. The line is indicated by white line on a block surface or block line on a white surface. This system must be sense by the line. This application is depends upon the sensors. Here we are using two sensors for path detection purpose. That is proximity sensor and IR sensor. The proximity sensor used for path detection and IR sensor used for obstacle detection. These sensors mounted at front end of the robot. The microcontroller is an intelligent device the whole circuit is controlled by the microcontroller. Sensors are required to detect position of the line to be followed with respect to the robot’s position. Most widely used sensors for the line follower robot are PHOTOSENSORS. They are based on the basic observation that “the white surface reflects the light and the black surface absorbs it”.Sensor circuit contains emitter, detector and comparator assembly. These robots can be used as automated equipment carriers in industries replacing traditional conveyer belts.These can also be used at homes for domestic purposes like floor cleaning etc.These can be used in public places like shopping malls, museums etc to provide path guidance.

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The Martian

The Martian is a classic film , featuring Ridley Scott's best work in years, it was the best 

performance I've ever seen from Matt Damon, an outstanding supporting cast, a surprisingly

funny screenplay from Daredevil creator Drew Goddard, and a great narrative that ties the

film together beautifully. The film itself is visually stunning. The landscape of Mars looks

absolutely breathtaking.

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Western Digital To Acquire SanDisk For $19 Billion

Western Digital just bought a bunch of memory cards. The storage giant just announced that it has agreed to buy SanDisk Corp for about $19 billion. This comes after speculation that SanDisk was shopping for a buyer.

The deal values SanDisk at $86.50 a share, which is a 15% premium on the previous day’s closing price, giving the company a value of $15.4 billion. SanDisk is currently up 4.78% in premarket trading.

This deal brings together two of the largest storage companies. In many ways, SanDisk, with its deep investment in flash memory chips represents a future without the spinning disk hard drives of Western Digital. Yet despite early explosive growth, SanDisk as of late reported results that have lagged behind expectations. Likewise, Western Digital has watched its core business slip away as the industry moves towards flash memory.

SanDisk CEO Sanjay Mehrotra is expected to join the Western Digital board upon the closing of the deal. Western Digital CEO Steve Milligan will continue in that role.

Courtesy: techcrunch.com

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How to keep fit and healthy

A proverb says “Health is Wealth.”  By this we can easily understand the importance of good health in our life. To keep fit and healthy we must follow some necessary rules. 

At first we have to kick our bad habits out! Bad habit such as smoking, drugs, unsafe sex these are very destructive for our health. There is no other way to do this in a healthy way! We have to leave this kind of habit for the sake of our good. There are some habits that are not so bad but that should also given up. Such as alcohol, caffeine, excess sugar etc.

Sleeping is a great medicine for both the physical and mental health. A grown man needs almost 6-7 hours sleep everyday but many of us sleep only for 3 -4 hours! Lack of health affects our metabolism, mood, concentration, memory, motor skills, stress hormones and even the immune system and cardiovascular health. Sleep repairs the damages of our body. So we must take enough sleep every day.

Physical exercise is very important for our fitness. Physical exercise keeps our muscles active, strong and keep our heart healthy. We have to avoid junk foods also. We should take more fruits and fresh vegetables to keep our body fit.

Our bodies are made mostly of water. Most fluids and foods contain water that will help to keep our bodies hydrated, but fresh, clean, plain water is still the best and healthiest beverage for maintaining a healthy body.

In order to maintain a healthy and fit lifestyle, it's important to have some sort of consistency when looking at the big picture result. So we should try to keep fit and healthy and enjoy the life with pleasure.

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